Diagnoza

Medium sized shearwater (length 30–38 cm; wingspan 71–89 cm; body mass 350–575 g with long thin bill and uniformly black-brown outside contrasting with white bottom; the dark color on the head reaches below the eye, often a white semi collar between the head and neck; on the underside of the wings a clearly contrast between black and white, white undercoverts, little (or no) projection of the legs; no sexual or age dimorphism.

Porównanie

Very similar to Yelkouan shearwater Puffinus yelkouan (same size) but blacker (not brownish) with blackish flight feathers, more contrasting undersides of wings, and no (or) slight projection of legs; light individuals of Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus are bigger and less contrasting between dark and light, with brown belly.

Autekologia

Highly pelagic, occurring mainly on waters over continental shelf; breeds on coast, offshore islands or promontories, occupying flat hill tops  or slopes, occasionally 1–2 km inland in mountainous terrain up to 700 m above sea-level; after breeding entirely aerial-marine; in spring and autumn migrations, uses variety of marine zones, including waters of continental shelf, slope, and deep, pelagic waters over abyssal plain; feeds mainly small fish, especially Clupeiformes (e.g. herring, sardines) and also cephalopods, small crustaceans, and offal.

Występowanie geograficzne

Atlantic Ocean, breeding on islets off Newfoundland (Canada) and Massachusetts (USA), S Iceland, Faeroes, British Is to NW France, Azores, Madeira, Desertas Is. to Canary Is.; winters during austral summer (Nov–Feb) mostly in SW Atlantic Ocean off  E South America, in waters of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay; primary wintering area spans 10–55°S (mainly 20 and 30°S); some individuals have been observed to 49°S; rare in Baltic Sea; in Poland only 4 autumn records between 2009 - 2018 (Stawarczyk et al. 2017; KFSOPTZ, 2019): 2 in mouth of Vistyla, 1 in Kąty Rybackie and 1 from Pogorzelica (Western Pomerania).

Zasięg czasowy

Pliocene (5.3 Ma) – Recent ; fossil remains known from Pliocene of North Carolina (USA) and Mid – Late Pleistocene of Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Florida (USA) and Japan.

Materiały muzealne

At least 12 fossil collections and many recent; in Poland 11 recent specimens housed in ISEZ.

Literatura

Brooke, M. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Brünnich, M. T. 1764. Ornithologia Borealis. Hafniae, Copenhagen. p. 29.

Komisja Faunistyczna Sekcji Ornitologicznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Zoologicznego. 2019. Raport nr 35. Rzadkie ptaki obserwowane w Polsce w roku 2018. Ornis Polonica 60: 125–160.

Lee, D. S.; Haney, J. C.; Carboneras, C.; Jutglar, F. and Kirwan, G. M. 2020. Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus), version 1.0. In: Birds of the World (Billerman, S. M. Ed.). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Onley, D. & Scofield, P. 2007. Albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters of the world. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Stawarczyk T., Cofta T., Kajzer Z., Lontkowski J., & Sikora A. 2017. Rzadkie ptaki Polski. Studio B&W Wojciech Janecki. Sosnowiec.